Interview: Aung San Suu Kyi
長年の自宅軟禁に屈することなく、ミャンマーの民主化運動を続けてきたアウン・サン・スー・チーさんが、現在来日中ですね。
こちらはカタールのテレビ局アルジャジーラによる2013インタビュー動画。ビルマ/ミャンマーという国名について、また、自宅軟禁について語っています。(英語は双方ともイングランド英語)
(参考: スーチーさんの自宅軟禁について)
わからない語句は英辞郎で:
2:41～3:40
(Interviewer:)
When I asked you that question, I said "Myanmar or Burma." [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]?"
(ASSK:)
I always use the name Burma. [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]? Burma was the name under which we became independent. Now, Burma is not the Burmese name for Burma; it's a name we used internationally. And when the military regime took over in 1988, a few years later they announced one day that [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Myanmar, claiming that Burma was a colonial invention. In fact it was not a colonial invention; it was a transliteration of the name of the country. As used generally by the people, 〈inaudible (Burmese)〉, we say "the land of the Bamars," and Myanmar is simply the literary form. In any case, the main reason why I don't like "Myamar" is not because I don't like the name itself but because I don't like the way it was imposed on the country without referring to the wishes of the people.
(聞き手:)
先ほどの質問をした際、私は「ミャンマーもしくはビルマ」と言いました。あなたはどちらの名称を使いますか？
(スーチーさん:)
私は常にビルマと。なぜだか説明しましょうか？ビルマは(イギリスから)独立した時の名称です。ビルマというのはビルマ語の名称ではなく、対外的に使っていた名称です。'88年に軍事政権にとって代わられると、その数年後に、ある日突然、国の名前がミャンマーになると発表されました。その理由は、ビルマは植民地時代に(宗主国イギリスによって)でっちあげられたものだからというものでしたが、実際にはそうではなく、国名の音訳だったのです。一般に広く用いられていたように、私たちは〈ビルマ語〉「バーマ族の国」と。ミャンマーというのは単にその文語的な呼称です。いずれにしろ、私がミャンマーという名称を好まない主な理由は、その名称そのものが気に入らないのではなく、その名称が、人々の意志を汲むことなくこの国に押し付けられた、その経緯が受け入れられないということです。
3:46～4:09
(Interviewer:)
You want to be the President in 2015. [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]?
(ASSK:)
It's not for me to change the name of the country; it's for the people to decide whether or not they want it changed.
(Interviewer:)
But you would prefer to be President of Burma, not Myanmar?
(ASSK:)
No, no. I've(=I have) no preferences in that direction. I want to be President of a country [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] by a particular regime.
(聞き手:)
あなたは2015年に大統領になりたいということですが、国名を変えるおつもりですか？
(スーチーさん:)
国名を変えるのは私が決めることではありません。変えたいのかを決めるのは国民です。
(聞き手:)
でもあなたはミャンマーではなく、ビルマの大統領になることを望んでいるのでは？
(スーチーさん:)
いえ、それは違います。そのような議論においては私はどちらでも構いません。私は人々が決めた名前の国の大統領になりたいのです。ある特定の政権が決めた名称ではなく。
5:31～6:00
(Interviewer:)
When you were under house arrest, did you watch you struggle? Were you able to watch you struggle?
(ASSK:)
Well, [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ], but this had access to only two channels, both (of which were) in the hands of the government: they were state-dominated channels, if you like. So I didn't have very much access to the outside world. I hardly watched any television. But [ ] [ ] [ ] the BBC World Service very regularly, and got to know Fergal Keane through that.
(聞き手:)
自宅軟禁下にあった時、ご自身が大変な状況になっている様子をテレビで見ることはありましたか？というか、見ることはできましたか？
(スーチーさん:)
そうですね、テレビ自体はありましたが、2つのチャンネルしか映らなくて、どちらも政権が掌握していました。言ってみれば国家に支配されたチャンネルです。ですから私はあまり外界の情報を得ることはできなかったのです。テレビはほとんど見ませんでした。ただ、BBCワールドの(ラジオ)放送はいつも聴いていました。ファーガル・キーンさんのことを知ったのもBBCワールドを通してでした。
6:01～7:10
(Interviewer:)
You talk about Nelson Mandela struggle (and) South Africa struggle. What about your own personal struggle ― the impact (or) the trade-offs you must have had to make because of leaving your family behind spending all that time under house arrest in Burma?
(ASSK:)
Quite frankly, I find it embarrassing when people talk about my struggles and my sacrifices and so on, because my colleagues really made many more sacrifices, because they didn't have the protection of the name that I had. My name was my protection, and my father's name was my protection in my own country, even though I was placed under house arrest by the military regime. They never forgot the fact that he was the founder of the Burmese army, and that was a great protection ― whereas all my colleagues were unknown soldiers of our movement, of our cause. They went through a lot. They suffered. [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]; they were not placed under house arrest. So, I can say, with genuine humility, that [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ].
(聞き手:)
ネルソン・マンデラ氏や南アフリカの苦しみについて述べられていますが、ご自身の苦しみについてはどうですか？ビルマでの自宅軟禁中ずっと家族と離れ離れになったことによる影響といいますか、代償は。
(スーチーさん:)
率直に言って、皆さんが私の苦しみや私が払った犠牲あどについてお話しになると、恥ずかしく思います。というのも、私の同志たちの方が、本当に、もっと多くの犠牲を払ったからです。彼らは私のように、自分の名前に守られてはいませんでしたから。私は、軍事政権による自宅軟禁下にあったとはいえ、私や私の父の名前に守られていました。彼らは父がビルマ軍の創設者だったということを忘れはしませんでした。そのことに私は守られていました。その一方で、私の同士たちは、私たちの運動や理念のもとに集まった、無名の兵士たちです。彼らは多くの辛い経験をし、苦しみました。彼らは自宅軟禁どころか、投獄されたのです。だから、彼らに比べれば私の苦しみなどずっと小さなものだと、心からの謙遜をもって言えます。
冒頭～1:48
Myanmar is a country in transition. After years of unforgiving military rule, its borders are beginning to open to outside scrutiny.
The march to freedom is lead by Aung San Suu Kyi. She'd gone back to Burma in 1988 after years of living abroad, only to encounter a violent military dictatorship. She became the loudest voice calling for democracy and human rights.
But it didn't take the junta long to recognize the threat she posed to them. And in 1989 the military government, which had renamed the country Myanmar, placed her under house arrest.
Aung San Suu Kyi spent the next 15 years in custody. In 1991, her determination to win democracy was rewarded with a Nobel Peace Prize, but today, as she makes the transition from activist to full-time politician, pursuing her goal of being President, Aung San Suu Kyi faces many challenges, including the fate of the Rohingya people.
Described by the UN as being amongst the most persecuted communities in the world, the Rohingya saw more than 125 thousand people internally displaced in 2012. The Rakhine state is one of the most impoverished of Myanmar. And the waves of violence in the region have worsened conditions. Now, Aung Sang Suu Kyi has been criticised for failing to speak out strongly in their defence.
She is close to realising her lifetime ambition of leading her country she still calls Burma. But on Talk to Al Jazeera, we ask: can she navigate her way to power, past the generals, some of whom may have taken off their uniforms, but others still wielding ultimate control?
(参考: ロヒンギャ問題について)